8/7/2023 0 Comments Brain stem stroke recoveryThe mechanism of cerebral damage after stroke determines the cerebral stroke impairments, and the mechanism of damage is relative to whether the type of stroke is ischemic or hemorrhagic. Balance and coordination of movement involve integrated functioning of both pyramidal and extra-pyramidal systems, and the cerebral cortex is the main principal origin of pyramidal system. Each of these domains of cognition requires cerebral cortex, illustration can be seen in memory domain where memory acquisition involves sensory cortex, memory retrieval involves prefrontal cortex, and memory storage is distributed throughout the cortex. Cognitive function involves multifaceted domains of cognitive processes including memory, learning, attention, thought, comprehension, perception, language among others. Cerebral cortex plays principal role in sensory/perceptual functions by providing meaning to all sensations (except sense of smell) through primary somatosensory cortex in the postcentral gyrus of the parietal lobe, and other primary cortical sensory areas such as auditory cortex in the temporal lobe and visual cortex in the occipital lobe. The motor function of the cerebral cortex is embedded in the motor cortex (primary motor area, premotor cortex, supplementary motor area, cingulate motor areas) located in the frontal lobe anterior to central sulcus, the motor cortex is responsible for planning, initiation, execution, and regulation of voluntary movement which is achieved through originating descending corticospinal tract and corticobulbar system to the spinal cord and brainstem respectively. Ĭerebral stroke results in loss of cerebral cortex related functions that manifests as motor impairment, sensory impairment, cognitive impairment, balance impairment among others. Thus, based on the isolated territory of the brain involve, stroke can be cerebral stroke, brainstem stroke, cerebellar stroke, or thalamic stroke, while based on underline cause it can be ischemic stroke (thrombotic, embolic, lacunar, watershed, or cryptogenic) which results from brain vascular occlusion, or hemorrhagic stroke (intraparenchymal or subarachnoid) which is due to blood-related aberrations. Stroke classically depicts a syndrome with sudden onset of acute focal injury of the central nervous system (CNS) of vascular origin that produces focal or global neurological deficit in accordance with affected area of blood supply. About one third of all strokes translate into fatalities, and another one third constitutes stroke survivors staying with residual disability that accounts as foremost noticeable root of long-term neurological disability in adults and third most common cause of all disabilities globally. Stroke also known as cerebrovascular accidents is the world’s second death-perpetrating disease after cardiovascular diseases, and it affects about 13.7 million people annually in the globe.
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